Material |
Symbol |
Crucible |
Melting
|
Temperature
(°C) for
|
||
|
..........
|
..........
|
..........
|
(°C)
|
10-8
|
10-6
|
10-4
|
|
Aluminium
|
Al
|
PBN
|
660
|
685
|
812
|
972
|
|
Antimony
|
Sb
|
PBN
|
631
|
279
|
345
|
425
|
|
Argon
|
Ar
|
Alumina
|
...
|
...
|
...
|
...
|
|
Arsenic
|
As
|
PBN
|
817
|
104
|
150
|
210
|
|
Barium
|
Ba
|
Ta, Mo
|
727
|
272
|
354
|
462
|
|
Beryllium
|
Be
|
BeO, VC
|
1287
|
707
|
832
|
997
|
|
BioMaterials
|
...
|
Quartz, PBN,
Ta, PGR
|
...
|
...
|
...
|
...
|
|
Bismuth
|
Bi
|
Al2O3,
BeO, VC
|
271
|
329
|
409
|
517
|
|
Boron
|
B
|
C, VC
|
2075
|
1282
|
1467
|
1707
|
|
Cadmium
|
Cd
|
Al2O3,
Quartz, PBN
|
321
|
74
|
119
|
177
|
|
Calcium
|
Ca
|
Al2O3,
Quartz, PBN
|
842
|
282
|
357
|
459
|
|
Carbon
|
C
|
PGR
|
3550
|
1657
|
1867
|
2136
|
|
Cerium
|
Ce
|
Al2O3,
BeO, VC
|
795
|
970
|
1150
|
1380
|
|
Cesium
|
Cs
|
Quartz, PBN
|
29
|
-16
|
22
|
80
|
|
Chlorine
|
Cl
|
Al2O3
|
...
|
...
|
...
|
...
|
|
Chromium
|
Cr
|
VC
|
1907
|
837
|
977
|
1157
|
|
Cobalt
|
Co
|
Al2O3,
BeO
|
1495
|
922
|
1067
|
1257
|
|
Copper
|
Cu
|
Al2O3,
Mo, Ta, BeO
|
1085
|
722
|
852
|
1027
|
|
Dysprosium
|
Dy
|
Ta
|
1412
|
625
|
750
|
900
|
|
Erbium
|
Er
|
PBN, Ta, W
|
1529
|
649
|
777
|
897
|
|
Europium
|
Eu
|
Al2O3,
Mo, Ta, PBN
|
822
|
283
|
361
|
466
|
|
Gallium
|
Ga
|
PBN, Al2O3,
BeO, Quartz
|
30
|
619
|
742
|
907
|
|
Germanium
|
Ge
|
PBN, Al2O3,
Quartz
|
938
|
812
|
947
|
1137
|
|
Gold
|
Au
|
Al2O3,
PBN, VC,
|
1064
|
807
|
947
|
1132
|
|
Hafnium
|
Hf
|
E-Beam
|
2227
|
2160
|
2250
|
3090
|
|
Hydrogen
|
H
|
...
|
...
|
...
|
...
|
...
|
|
Indium
|
In
|
Al2O3,
PBN
|
157
|
488
|
597
|
742
|
|
Iridium
|
Ir
|
E-Beam
|
2410
|
1850
|
2080
|
2380
|
|
Iron
|
Fe
|
Al2O3,
BeO
|
1538
|
858
|
998
|
1180
|
|
Lanthanum
|
La
|
Al2O3
|
920
|
990
|
1212
|
1388
|
|
Lead
|
Pb
|
Al2O3
, W, Mo, Ta, PBN
|
328
|
342
|
427
|
497
|
|
Lithium
|
Li
|
Al2O3,
BeO, PBN
|
180
|
235
|
306
|
404
|
|
Lutetium
|
Lu
|
Al2O3
|
1663
|
870
|
1228
|
1376
|
|
Magnesium
|
Mg
|
Al2O3,
VC, PBN
|
650
|
185
|
246
|
327
|
|
Manganese
|
Mn
|
Al2O3,
BeO
|
1246
|
505
|
611
|
747
|
|
Mercury
|
Hg
|
Al2O3,
Quartz, PBN
|
-39
|
72
|
-44
|
7
|
|
Methane
|
CH4
|
...
|
...
|
...
|
...
|
...
|
|
Molybdenum
|
Mo
|
E-Beam
|
2610
|
1592
|
1822
|
2117
|
|
Nickel
|
Ni
|
Al2O3,
BeO,VC
|
1455
|
927
|
1072
|
1262
|
|
Niobium
|
Nb
|
E-Beam
|
2468
|
927
|
1072
|
1262
|
|
Nitrogen
|
N
|
PBN
|
...
|
...
|
...
|
...
|
|
Organics
|
...
|
Al2O3,
Quartz, PBN
|
...
|
...
|
...
|
...
|
|
Oxygen
|
O
|
Alumina
|
...
|
...
|
...
|
...
|
|
Palladium
|
Pd
|
Al2O3,
BeO
|
1555
|
842
|
992
|
1192
|
|
Phosphorus
|
P
|
Al2O3,
PbN, Ta/Mo
|
44
|
54
|
88
|
192
|
|
Platinum
|
Pt
|
ThO2,
C
|
1768
|
1292
|
1492
|
1747
|
|
Polymers
|
...
|
Al2O3,
Quartz, PBN
|
...
|
...
|
...
|
...
|
|
Potassium
|
K
|
Al2O3,
Quartz, PBN
|
64
|
21
|
65
|
123
|
|
Rhenium
|
Re
|
E-Beam
|
3180
|
1928
|
2207
|
2570
|
|
Rhodium
|
Rh
|
E-Beam
|
1966
|
1277
|
1472
|
1707
|
|
Ruthenium
|
Ru
|
E-Beam
|
2310
|
1780
|
1990
|
2260
|
|
Scandium
|
Sc
|
Al2O3,
BeO
|
1541
|
772
|
917
|
1107
|
|
Selenium
|
Se
|
PBN
|
221
|
63
|
107
|
164
|
|
Silicon
|
Si
|
Ta
|
1414
|
992
|
1147
|
1337
|
|
Silver
|
Ag
|
Al2O3,
Mo
|
962
|
574
|
685
|
832
|
|
Sodium
|
Na
|
Quartz,
PBN
|
98
|
74
|
123
|
193
|
|
Strontium
|
Sr
|
VC, Mo
|
777
|
241
|
309
|
404
|
|
Sulfur
|
S
|
PBN
|
115
|
-10
|
17
|
55
|
|
Tantalum
|
Ta
|
E-Beam
|
2996
|
1960
|
2240
|
2590
|
|
Tellurium
|
Te
|
PBN
|
450
|
155
|
209
|
280
|
|
Thallium
|
Tl
|
Al2O3,
Quartz
|
304
|
280
|
360
|
470
|
|
Thorium
|
Th
|
W, Ta, Mo
|
1845
|
1430
|
1660
|
1925
|
|
Tin
|
Sn
|
PBN
|
232
|
682
|
807
|
997
|
|
Titanium
|
Ti
|
TiC
|
1660
|
1067
|
1235
|
1453
|
|
Tungsten
|
W
|
E-Beam
|
3410
|
2117
|
2407
|
2757
|
|
Vanadium
|
V
|
W, Mo
|
1910
|
1162
|
1332
|
1547
|
|
Ytterbium
|
Yb
|
Ta
|
824
|
247
|
317
|
417
|
|
Yttrium
|
Y
|
Al2O3
|
1526
|
957
|
1117
|
1332
|
|
Zinc
|
Zn
|
Al2O3,
Quartz, PBN
|
420
|
123
|
177
|
247
|
|
Zirconium
|
Zr
|
E-Beam
|
1852
|
1477
|
1702
|
1987
|
This guide was prepared
by Edward Graper of Lebow
Corporation, and is being made available to assist NanoTech Scientific,
Inc. customers. In the preparation of this guide, every effort has been made
to ensure accuracy, completeness and clarity. Unfortunately, in a work of this
scope, errors are inevitable. Neither Edward Graper nor Lebow Corporation warranties
the accuracy of this information or the results of its applications. Use this
information at your own risk, as a general guide. Use an independent check for
important data. This guide may not be reproduced in any way without written
permission from Lebow Corporation, which will generally be granted.
Some materials and their compounds are extremely toxic and must be handled with great care. Manufacturers safety and handling instructions must be strictly followed! Neither Lebow Corporation nor NanoTech Scientific, Inc. accept responsibility for any misuse of materials or their evaporation and deposition applications.
NanoTech
Scientific, Inc.
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